In order to optimize crop yield and quality, post emergence, it is important to “scout” fields and orchards to determine if any risks can be managed that could impact adversely on crop yield and quality. These risks could include detrimental pest thresholds, competition for nutrients and water by weed pressure, water stress (too little or too much) conditions due to abiotic factors. The combination between different physical soil types and effective soil depth can have an effect on achieving sustainable crop production, for e.g. shallow sandy soils, stratified soils, high clay content with problematic water infiltration and soil compaction (tillage), to mention just a few.

The below NDVI images (Fig 1) are good examples of in season variation in crop growth, in this case winter wheat, favorable crop growth (green areas) vs poor crop vigour in the red areas.

There are two causes of poor crop vigour in the red areas 1) weed pressure and 2) soil compaction.

When remote images are collected from a specific field, the next actions are:

• Zone definition for input management (Herbicides, Fungicides, Pesticides, Biostimulants (KynoKelp, KynoFulvate Yellow), fertiliser differential application (Kynoplus+S) and foliar sprays (Oemff products)
• Ongoing risk management by monitoring temporal change
• Targeting of sampling (soil and tissue)

Application of NDVI data

The application of the information would be to identify the management zones in Figure 1 and act accordingly to mitigate crop production risk. The implications of herbicide resistant ryegrass have far reaching implications on the production of wheat specifically, as reported by Ferreira M, I. et.al, 2015. They found that Lolium spp. acts as an inoculum for the soil borne pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum (cause of Fusarium crownrot). The authors have suggested, crop smothering, as part of conservation farming to suppress herbicide resistant ryegrass and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of crown rot.

As mentioned before, it is important to extend the “scouting” operation by a Kynoch Agriculturalist or Kynoch agent in the field and to determine the extent of the variation as in the figures above. The importance of field inspection, before NDVI images are interpreted, can therefore not be over emphasized.

Chris Burbidge 2024

References

Ferreira M.I. et.al. 2015. Morphological identification of the ryegrass hybrid Lolium multiflorum x Lolium perenne and isolation of the pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum in the Western Cape

Mulders M.A., 1987. Remote Sensing in Soil Science. Technology and Engineering

Compiled by: Chris Burbidge – Agriculturalist Kynoch – August 2024

KynoFulvate Yellow® M261 (Act 36 of 1947)

KynoKelp® M314 (Act 36 of 1947)

KynoPlus® K8024 (Act 36 of 1947)

The post Real time insights by remote sensing (NDVI) through the use of KynopreciseTM and PACSys drone technology first appeared on Kynoch Fertilizer.

Gedurende die nasionale staat van inperking het die Kynoch span NDVI beelde gebruik om die koring op ‘n plaas in Rundu, Namibië te help bestuur. Deur middel van aanlynvergaderings, video’s en die satellietbeelde,  kon die bestuurder en sy span verandering en vordering van die koring op sy sirkels dophou en bestuurspraktyke aanpas.

Tydens die virtuele vergaderings het die NDVI beelde as die basis van besprekings gedien want die  beelde verander soos wat die gewas vorder. Die voorbeeld wys ‘n duidelike verandering in NDVI indeks oor die bestek van ‘n paar dae, asook die gedeelte wat vroeg geplant is teenoor die gedeelte wat ongeveer 3 weke later geplant was (helfte naaste aan die pad).

In vergelyking van hierdie twee beelde (Figuur 1 & 2), was die bestuurder aanvanklik bekommerd oor die “agteruitgang” in groen materiaal wat op suidelike gedeelte van die beeld (regs) aangedui word. Met nadere ondersoek het ons agtergekom dat die are begin verskyn het en dat dit die rede vir die verandering was. Wat dus na ‘n probleem gelyk het, was eintlik goeie nuus.

Tegnologie in die vorm van die KynoPrecise Toep is ‘n handige hulpmiddel in die boer se hande wat hom kan help om sy gewas te bestuur al is hy meer as 2000 km daarvandaan. Hierdie voorbeeld het weereens bevestig dat kundige interpretasie van die inligting, asook verifikasie van die situasie op grondvlak, ‘n kritiese rol speel om beskikbare tegnologie ten beste te benut.

NDVI (Near Differential Vegetation Index) beelde op ‘n sirkel koring in die Kaprivistrook.

Die sirkel word met ‘n Kynoch Program  bemes en landboukundig ondersteun. Die gedeelte Suid (verste weg van die pad) is ongeveer 3 weke voor die noordelike gedeelte geplant. Die NDVI Index dui hierdie verandering in groeistadium (aarveskyning) duidelik aan met meer prominente rooi en geel kleure.

Vir meer inligting oor die KynoPrecise Toepassing en Landboukundige dienste kontak

PJ Fryer

pj.fryer@kynoch.co.za

(+27) 0764028445

The post Bestuur jou gewas al sit jy 2000km daarvandaan! first appeared on Kynoch Fertilizer.

The eye in the sky

Precision farming is a term so widely used and includes anything from chemical soil maps to farming equipment. The more you work towards precision farming the more information you need to store or work through. There is generally a map for every action taken on a field, but the challenge is to store all this information and to be able to compare it with each other or to use it for recommendations. To overcome this challenge there is now KynoPrecise^TM

KynoPrecise^TM is an application that is available to Kynoch customers on the Apple iStore (Android version to be released soon). Fields on the application can be registered to receive NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) images from two different satellite sources to ensure more timeous images. These NDVI images help to show changes in the crop growth in a short amount of time and if necessary, recommendations can be done accordingly. The KynoPrecise^TM application receives at least one NDVI image every two weeks and therefore can also be handy during field trails. On irrigated fields, a lower NDVI reading can indicate areas of the centre pivot that received too much or too little water.

KynoPrecise^TM also has the ability to compare different types of maps with each other to see if there is a correlation between them.  Figure 1 and Figure 2 compare different types of maps using the application. Figure 1 is a yield map of maize harvested in 2019. The red colour indicates a lower yield while the green colour indicates a high yield. Figure 2 is a potassium precision chemical map taken from a grid sample. Red indicates low potassium levels while the green indicates high potassium levels. A good correlation can be seen between the potassium and yield maps in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

NDVI images generated from KynoPrecise

KynoPrecise^TM is an application that gives you the ability to see how your crop grows during the growing season. Grain marketing decisions can also be made by using the many NDVI images received throughout the growing season.  KynoPrecise^TM is definitely an asset for any producer.

To find out more about KynoPrecise contact:

PJ Fryer

pj.fryer@kynoch.co.za
+27 (0) 76 402 8445

The post KynoPrecise – The eye in the sky first appeared on Kynoch Fertilizer.